A study of atmospheric diffusion from the LANDSAT imagery

LANDSAT multispectral scanner data of the smoke plumes which originated in eastern Cabo Frio, Brazil and crossed over into the Atlantic Ocean, are analyzed to illustrate how high resolution LANDSAT imagery can aid meteorologists in evaluating specific air pollution events. The eleven LANDSAT images selected are for different months and years. The results show that diffusion is governed primarily by water and air temperature differences. With colder water, low level air is very stable and the vertical diffusion is minimal; but water warmer than the air induces vigorous diffusion. The applicability of three empirical methods for determining the horizontal eddy diffusivity coefficient in the Gaussian plume formula was evaluated with the estimated standard deviation of the crosswind distribution of material in the plume from the LANDSAT imagery. The vertical diffusion coefficient in stable conditions is estimated using Weinstock's formulation. These results form a data base for use in the development and validation of meso scale atmospheric diffusion models

A petri net approach to the modelling and analysis of flexible manufacturing systems

In this paper we present an approach for modelling and analyzing flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) using Petri nets. In this approach, we first build a Petri net model (PNM) of the given FMS in a bottom-up fashion and then analyze important qualitative aspects of FMS behaviour such as existence/absence of deadlocks and buffer overflows. The basis for our approach is a theorem we state and prove for computing the invariants of the union of a finite number of Petri nets when the invariants of the individual nets are known. We illustrate our approach using two typical manufacturing systems: an automated transfer line and a simple FMS

EcoSupply: a machine learning framework for analyzing the impact of ecosystem on global supply chain dynamics

A global supply chain spans several regions and countries across the globe. A tremendous spurt in the extent of globalization has necessitated the need for modeling global supply chains in place of the conventional supply chains. In this paper, we propose a framework, EcoSupply, to analyze the supply chain ecosystem in a probabilistic setting unlike the existing methodologies, which presume a deterministic context. EcoSupply keeps track of the previous observations in order to facilitate improved prediction about the influence of uncertainties in the ecosystem, and provides a coherent mathematical exposition to construe the new associations, among the different supply chain stakeholders, in place of the existing links. To the best of our knowledge, EcoSupply is the first machine learning based paradigm to incorporate the dynamics of global supply chains

Deadlock prevention and deadlock avoidance in flexible manufacturing systems using petri net models

Deadlocks constitute an important issue to be addressed in the design and operation of FMSs. It is shown that prevention and avoidance of FMS deadlocks can be implemented using Petri net models. For deadlock prevention, the reachability graph of a Petri net model of the given FMS is used, whereas for deadlock avoidance, a Petri-net-based online controller is proposed. The modeling of the General Electric FMS at Erie, PA, is discussed. For such real-world systems, deadlock prevention using the reachability graph is not feasible. A generic, Petri-net-based online controller for implementing deadlock avoidance in such real-world FMSs is developed

Performance modelling of a fault-tolerant real-time multiprocessor using stochastic Petri nets

The fault-tolerant multiprocessor (FTMP) is a bus-based multiprocessor architecture with real-time and fault-tolerance features and is used in critical aerospace applications. A preliminary performance evaluation is of crucial importance in the design of such systems. In this paper, we review stochastic Petri nets (SPN) and developspn-based performance models for FTMP. These performance models enable efficient computation of important performance measures such as processing power, bus contention, bus utilization, and waiting times

An example of a supply chain involving Multi modal containerised transport

Abstract: This paper describes a stream of physical activities, involving multiple modes of transport and handling, and multiple actors -in the context of supply chain management. Part 1 is a general introduction to the area of multimodal transport and containerised movement of goods. Part 2 provides an analysis of one particular channel through which containerised movements through rail and road move through one of the major ports in India. The main focus is to map the flows of material, information, finance and transactions in this supply chain and see how the management of these flows fit in with supply chain objectives. This has implications on the planning and use of IT for this purpose are and the way the actors involved in this chain organise themselves. This is elaborated for two of the major actors in this: Container Corporation of India (Concor) and Indian Railways (IR)

Flexibility in manufacturing enterprises

A manufacturing enterprise is a collection of interrelated, flexible, optimized business processes delivering value to the customers through high quality products and services, faster than competition. This view of an enterprise enables one to consider the entire business system including the suppliers, product development, manufacturing, logistics, distribution, and retailing and to smoothen out the interfaces between them. Performance measures and performance measurement are important for monitoring, control and management. We identify and discuss eight performance measures for generic business processes. These include lead time, customer service, dependability, quality, flexibility, cost, capacity, and asset utilization. In this paper, we concentrate on flexibility of business processes with special emphasis on the supply chain and order-to-delivery processes. We attempt to provide clear definitions and measures of various types of flexibilities as well as discuss the relationship between product structure and supply chain flexibility. The relationship between uncertainties, flexibility, technology, and product structure is clearly brought out in this paper

Low Cost, Efficient Output- Only Infrastructure Damage Detection with Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor network comprises of sensors and actuators with universally useful processing components to agreeably screen physical or ecological conditions, for example, temperature, pressure, and so on. Wireless Sensor Networks are particularly portrayed by properties like the constrained power they can reap or store, dynamic network topology, expansive size of the arrangement. Sensor networks have an enormous application in fields which incorporates territory observing, object tracking, fire detection, landslide recognition and activity observing. Given the network topology, directing conventions in sensor networks can be named at based steering, various levelled based directing and area-based directing. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a vitality productive various levelled based steering convention. Our prime spotlight was on the examination of LEACH given specific parameters like network lifetime, soundness period, and so forth and furthermore the impact of particular sending assault and level of heterogeneity on LEACH convention

A Study of Perceptual Factors Influencing Investors buying Behavior in Tanzanian Equity Market

Abstract The study attempts to ascertain the factors influencing buying behavior of Investors in DSE, Tanzania. Tanzania adopted a privatization policy in 1992 after recognizing that the state enterprises were becoming unbearable burden and the government was unable to sustain them. Despite the implementation of the government reforms and the establishment of DSE, Incorporated in the mid-1990s, the Dar-es-salaam Stock Exchange is a relatively new establishment compared to those existing in other parts of Africa. However, it has not been able to reach the masses as much as it should. In the United States of America, for example, the general population uses the stock markets as a means of savings and growing their wealth. In Tanzania, the majority of the population has no indication of what a stock market is and how it could help them. The study suggests that trading shares is the principal business activity for stock exchanges. Whether due to lax standards, poor supervision, weakness in the economy, loan problems have historically been the major causes of stock exchange losses and failures. Effective management of the equity market is fundamental to stock markets safety and soundness. Based on the study findings, it means that all listed companies should pay attention to several factors like quality management decisions, building brand, transparency in settlement issues. Specifically, companies should constantly review the interest rates and observe alternative companies marketing strategies to acquire better position in market. JEL classification numbers: G0, G11, N27